Maryland’s Endangered Tiger Salamanders Stage a Comeback

Rare Amphibians Rally in Newly Restored Habitat

A tiger salamander seeks a mate in a restored Delmarva bay habitat. Photo by Kevin Stohlgren

Maryland Department of Natural Resources biologists are reporting a dramatic increase in the reproducing population of the tiger salamander — the largest American terrestrial salamander — in the department’s spring 2020 surveys.

“They are having a great year and it’s great to see them concentrated in the areas where we have restored the natural wetlands they need to survive,” department biologist Scott Smith said.

Maryland’s Eastern Shore provides a unique type of depression wetlands called Delmarva bays. In their natural state, Delmarva bays have few trees, are seasonally flooded, and usually dry out in late summer. However, most of these singular wetlands have been altered and no longer provide habitat for the many rare plant and animal species they once supported. 

Tiger salamanders spend most of their lives underground, with the exception of the breeding season when they journey to these small, “fishless” freshwater ponds to mate. 

Department biologists annually monitor tiger salamander breeding by conducting egg mass counts at their preferred wetlands.

Declines in tiger salamander populations are largely due to the loss of Delmarva bays and surrounding forests. 

Maryland Department of Natural Resources Biologist Beth Schlimm holds a tiger salamander. Photo by Kevin Stohlgren

The Maryland Department of Natural Resources has been working for years to reverse this trend and restore these wetlands, and the tiger salamanders are taking notice. Biologists are restoring Delmarva bays on both state and private land by returning their hydrology and vegetation to their natural conditions. Through years of intensive management efforts, bays that were previously dark and overgrown are now open, sunny, and full of tiger salamander egg masses. 

The next phase of these efforts involves restoring bays that will create ecological stepping stones connecting known tiger salamander breeding ponds. 

“It’s great to see them having such a great year,” biologist Beth Schlimm said. “They are really responding well to their restored habitat. If they keep this up, one day we hope to declare them recovered and take them off the endangered species list.”

As adults, tiger salamanders can grow to more than a foot long.